What is protein synthesis?

Protein synthesis is process of producing proteins using information coded by DNA, located in the nucleus of a cell. Two processes are performed to convert the information in DNA into proteins by cells. Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes.

First, in a process called transcription, the coding region of a gene is copied to a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) version of the double-stranded DNA. This is accomplished by RNA polymerase, a large enzyme that catalyzes the linkage of nucleotides into a RNA chain using DNA as a template. The RNA is further processed into messenger RNA (mRNA) before being transported to the cytoplasm.

After processing, the mRNA is transported through nuclear pores to the cytoplasm, where translation machinery (i.e. the ribosome, eukaryotic initiation factors eIF4E and eIF4G, and poly(A)-binding protein) carry out the second process, translation, during which the ribosomes assemble amino acids in the order dictated by the mRNA sequence.