Types of melting furnaces

The smelting industry in our country and everywhere in the world has gained a lot of value and is expanding every day. Isfahan Steel Smelting Factory is one of the oldest in the smelting industry. But currently there are thousands of factories that work based on smelting and have been able to extract metals with a high percentage of purity and turn them into sheets or ingots, each of which can be raw materials for other industries. But the smelting industry remains sterile without paying attention and buying a strong bag filter.

Therefore, as the smelting industry expands, the furnace industry has also progressed step by step and has been able to fill many of the problems and gaps in these industries by building smelting furnaces with different mechanisms.

Therefore, in this article, we examine different types of melting furnaces. Also, in another article, we have reviewed the types of copper smelting furnaces.

Crucible melting furnaces
Kopel melting furnace
Siemens Martin melting furnace
Electric arc melting furnace
Induction melting furnace
Crucible Furnace
The crucible is said to be made of special materials, and depending on what kind of metal is going to be melted in that crucible, its raw materials change. For example, the temperature of lead metal is 375 degrees Celsius, and the melting temperature of copper metal to produce ingots in a rotary copper smelting furnace is 1085 degrees. Therefore, the crucible in which we are going to melt each of these two metals is different and each of them has thermal power up to a certain temperature.

Bush furnaces are designed in three forms: fixed, fixed with a moving bush, and rotating. One of the main advantages of these furnaces is that they can work with both fossil fuels and electricity. If any of the energy sources are not available, there must be an alternative fuel.

Another important point about this furnace is that the metal does not come into contact with the flame. The advantages of this type of ovens include the simplicity of construction, the possibility of making them in different sizes, and their cheap prices. But the main disadvantage of this furnace is its heat loss and low efficiency.

Radiant melting furnace (ReverberatoryFunace)
In this type of furnace, when the metal inside the furnace is charged, it is in contact with the flame, and it is interesting that the primary metal and the product are also in contact. There are two types of radiation furnaces: stationary and rotating, the stationary type can be a cylinder or a rectangular cube, and the rotating type is in the form of rotary and cylindrical furnaces. This type of furnace is fueled by natural gas and diesel.

One of the advantages of this type of furnace is its easy construction. In addition to that, you can also use a radiation furnace for large amounts of ingots, the speed of these furnaces is high, and you don’t need huge costs to build or buy this type of furnace.

In mentioning its disadvantages, we can mention the loss of energy and oxidation of the metal surface due to contact with the flame. Also, the thermal efficiency in this type of furnace is low.

Kopela Industrial Melting Furnace
In Copela furnaces, fuel and flame are in direct contact with each other, and the type of fuel in this type of furnace is solid coke and coal and liquid gas (diesel, diesel, natural gas). Copella furnaces can be continuously lit. Copella furnaces are designed in three models and can work in three ways: hot blow, cold blow and with coke.

In the hot blast type, the furnace is charged with cast iron ingots, coke and iron ore. Then air with normal temperature is blown into the furnace. In this method, the air blowing speed can control the melting speed and temperature.

Cold brewing is another way to use the Copela system. In this method, to reduce the amount of coke consumed, they can use the high-temperature exhaust gases of the furnace to preheat the furnaces.

In the last method, which is without coke, fuels such as diesel and gas are used. This method has less pollution.

Electric resistance melting furnaces
As it is clear from the name of this furnace, it works with electricity, but it is not direct, and its heat is the result of the resistance of the rod against the electric current. In this case, the flame and the molten material are not related. With this method, the chemical composition in the furnace can be controlled. But you should know that the capacity of these ovens is small and is around 500 kg. Also, due to the use of electricity, energy costs will increase.

The resistors in this type of furnace can be made of nickel, chrome or nickel, chrome, iron, aluminum.

Induction melting furnace
This furnace works like a resistance melting furnace with electricity, where the flame is not in contact with the molten material. But the amount of electricity consumption in this furnace is less compared to resistance and its capacity is more. There is no limit to temperature changes in this system.

The induction melting furnace is divided into two forms: low frequency with core and low frequency without core and high frequency. The difference between the two is that coreless furnaces perform better with lower energy consumption for refining and increasing the temperature of the melt. But to prepare high frequencies, a generator is needed.

Electric arc furnaces
In this type of furnace, the flame is in contact with the molten material. By passing an electric current between two electrodes, an electric arc is created, which is very powerful. The electrodes go into the furnace and can transfer this current to the charged materials inside the furnace. The temperature created in it is limited and approximately 3000 degrees. Another point about electric arc is the use of scrap iron for raw materials and it is possible to make the best steel from the worst scrap iron.

It is very important to maintain safety tips when using all kinds of melting furnaces, because the molten materials in each of the above furnaces have a temperature of several hundreds of degrees in the lowest state, so there is no room for negligence.

Aso Sanat Company is a producer of the best melting furnaces for various industries, with 18 years of useful work experience and having completed several successful projects in the field of equipping factories with melting furnaces and other equipment such as iron melting furnaces and suction fans. .