GÜNEY KORE

General Information
Located at 126 59′ E and 37 34′ N, Seoul is at the heart of the Korean Peninsula. The city is nearly equidistant from the southeastern port of Busan and the northwestern town of Sinuiju on the China-North Korea border. The city is also conveniently located in the middle of several major northeast Asian metropolises, such as Tokyo, Beijing, Shanghai and Taipei. The city is some 30.3 km from north to south and 36.78 km east to west. Its total area is 605.41 square kilometers, making it a truly large metropolis. Seoul is in the northwest of South Korea. Seoul proper comprises 605.25 km2,[2] with a radius of approximately 15 km, roughly bisected into northern and southern halves by the Han River.

Geography
Seoul sits in a natural basin. Surrounding the city are a number of peaks of 500 meters or more above sea level. These peaks have historically played the role of a natural fortress, providing the city with protection from invasion. In fact, the mountains were a key reason behind the location’s selection as the national capital.
Among the major peaks surrounding Seoul are Bukhansan (Seoul’s highest peak at 836m), Dobongsan (740m), Inwangsan (338m) and Gwanaksan (629m). Other peaks include Bugaksan (342m), the guardian peak protecting the presidential palace of Cheongwadae, and Namsan (232m), which historically guarded the old city of Seoul to the south.
To the west of the city is the Gyeonggi Plain, one of Korea’s largest flatland areas and one of the country’s most agriculturally productive regions. Hangang bisects the city east to west, flowing in a broad “W” pattern. In the old days, the river was home to flourishing river ports at Mapo and Ttukseom and the ferry terminals at Noryangjin, Yanghwado, Hannamdo, Songpado and Gwangnaru. However, with the development of overland transportation and the construction of large bridges across the river, the city’s ports and ferries have disappeared.
Meanwhile, silting along the lower reaches of Hangang has created a number of “islands”, such as Hajungdo and Jamsil, that are now home to massive apartment complexes and residential districts. Another of these islands, Yeouido, has become the Manhattan of Seoul and home to some of the city’s tallest skyscrapers, the National Assembly Building and many of the city’s major financial institutions.
Hangang also plays a vital sociological role, separating the city into the Gangbuk (North of the River) area (the older part of Seoul that is home to most of the town’s historic neighborhoods and sites, as well as its administrative complexes) and the Gangnam (South of the River) area (a recently developed region of relatively affluent neighborhoods that in many ways represent the “Han River Miracle”, Korea’s dramatically successful post-Korean War economic development).
The Han River and its surrounding area played an important role in Korean history. Besides Hangang, Seoul also has a number of large streams that have played a vital role in the city’s historic and cultural development. Among these streams are the Cheonggyecheon, the downtown waterway that has recently been restored by the Seoul Metropolitan Government to provide Seoul residents with an environmentally friendly recreational spot, and the Jungnangcheon, a tributary of Hangang that’s a popular spot for strolls and relaxation

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