English book 2

by Lina Kalliontzi

Artwork: Class B2

Joined Oct 2017
Published Books 4

a. Leonardo Da Vinci (pages: 37-39)

1st paragraph

creative:δημιουργικός

relating to or involving the use of the imagination or original ideas to create something.

“change unleashes people’s creative energy”

hugely:εξαιρετικά

very much; to a very great extent.

“a hugely expensive house”

influential:1. με επιρροή

2. ισχυρός

having great influence on someone or something.

“her work is influential in feminist psychology”

sculptor:γλύπτης

an artist who makes sculptures.

συνώνυμα:

carver, modeller

“a bronze statue by the fifth-century sculptor Polyclitus”

immensely: πάρα πολύ

to a great extent; extremely.

“the president was immensely popular”

engineer:1. μηχανικός

a person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures.

inventor: εφευρέτης

originator, creator

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2nd paragraph

illegitimate:νόθος

(of a child) born of parents not lawfully married to each other.

συνώνυμα:

born out of wedlock, born of unmarried parents;

apprentice:μαθητευόμενος

a person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages.

“an apprentice electrician”

independent:ανεξάρτητος

not depending on another for livelihood or subsistence.

“I wanted to remain independent in old age”

spiritual:1. πνευματικός

relating to or affecting the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things.

“I’m responsible for his spiritual welfare”

unfortunately: δυστυχώς

sadly

“unfortunately, we do not have the time to interview every applicant”

deteriorate:χειροτερεύω

become progressively worse.

“relations between the countries had deteriorated sharply”

restoration:αποκατάσταση

the action of returning something to a former owner, place, or condition.

“the restoration of Andrew’s sight”

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3rd paragraph

intriguing: ενδιαφέρουσα

arousing one’s curiosity or interest; fascinating.

“an intriguing story”

noble:ευγενής

belonging by rank, title, or birth to the aristocracy.

“the medieval palace was once owned by a noble Florentine family”

no avail: μάταια

without success

They tried to discuss the issue calmly, but to no avail.

fleeting:φευγαλέος

lasting for a very short time.

“for a fleeting moment I saw the face of a boy”

faint:αχνό (χαμόγελο)

(of a sight, smell, or sound) barely perceptible.

“the faint murmur of voices”

capture:1. αιχμαλωτίζω

record accurately in words or pictures.

“she did a series of sketches, trying to capture all his moods”

encapsulate:περιλαμβάνω, εμπεριέχω

express the essential features of (something) succinctly.

“the conclusion is encapsulated in one sentence”

tremendous:

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4th paragraph

be regarded as:θεωρείται οτι είναι

To consider or have an opinion about something or someone:

Her parents always regarded her as the smartest of their children.

primarily:πρωτίστως

for the most part; mainly.

“around 80 per cent of personal computers are used primarily for word processing”

surviving: αυτός/η που επιβίωσε

remaining alive, especially after the death of another or others.

“there were no surviving relatives”

reveal:αποκαλύπτω

make (previously unknown or secret information) known to others.

“Brenda was forced to reveal Robbie’s whereabouts”

eclectic: μικτός, ετερόκλητος

deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources.

“universities offering an eclectic mix of courses”

including:συμπεριλαμβανομένου

containing as part of the whole being considered.

“languages including Welsh and Gaelic”

accurately:με ακρίβεια

in a way that is correct in all details; exactly.

“we are simply unable to predict long-term trends accurately”

parachute:αλεξίπτωτο

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5th paragraph

pioneering: πρωτοποριακό

Involving new ideas or methods.

‘his pioneering work on consciousness’

beyond dispute: πέρα από τη διαφωνία

Certain or certainly.

‘the main part of his argument was beyond dispute’

shade:σκιά

comparative darkness and coolness caused by shelter from direct sunlight.

“sitting in the shade”

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b. Michelangelo (page: 40)

magistrate:δικαστής

apprentice: μαθητευόμενος

leading:1. κύριος

most important.

“a number of leading politicians”

expel:αποβάλλω

force (someone) to leave a place.

“eight diplomats were expelled from Norway for espionage”

summon:καλώ

order (someone) to be present.

“a waiter was summoned”

quarrels:1. φιλονικία 2. καβγάς

a heated argument or disagreement, typically about a trivial issue and between people who are usually on good term.

“she made the mistake of picking a quarrel with John”

major: μείζων

important, serious, or significant.

“the use of drugs is a major problem”

commission:προμήθεια

an instruction, command, or role given to a person or group.

“one of his first commissions was to redesign the Great Exhibition building”

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ceiling: ταβάνι

affect:επιδρώ

touch the feelings of; move emotionally.

“he was visibly affected by the tragedy”

battle for: μάχη

a sustained fight between large organized armed forces.

“the battle lasted for several hours”

vast: extremely large= τεράστιος

The vast majority of our students – nearly 90 percent – graduate within four years.

mastery:great skill in particular job or activity=εκπληκτική ικανότητα

Louis Armstrong’s mastery of the trumpet is legendary.

increasingly:(more and more)= όλο και περισσότερο, ολοένα και περισσότερο , όλο και πιο …

unmistakeable:(easy to recognize/impossible to mistake/ clear or obvious)=εμφανής, ξεκάθαρος, ολοφάνερος/ αδιαμφισβήτητος/προφανής

adore:(love/really like)=λατρεύω

generation:(creation/production/age group)=παραγωγή/ δημιουργία /γενιά

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c. Sandro Botticelli

a tanner:(somebody who manufactures leather)=βυρσοδέψης

apprentice:(trainee/learner)= μαθητευόμενος/ ασκούμενος

goldsmith: (craftsperson working with gold)= χρυσοχόος

barrel:(large wooden keg/tube-shaped part of gun)=βαρέλι/ κάννη

convince:πείθω

persuade (someone) to do something.

“she convinced my father to branch out on his own”

gifted:προικισμένος

having exceptional talent or natural ability.

“a gifted amateur musician”

dedicate:αφιερώνω

devote (time or effort) to a particular task or purpose.

“Joan has dedicated her life to animals”

evolve into:αναπτύσσω

develop gradually.

“the company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer”

distinct: σαφής

recognizably different in nature from something else of a similar type.

“the patterns of spoken language are distinct from those of writing”

include:συμπεριλαμβάνω

comprise or contain as part of a whole.

“the price includes dinner, bed, and breakfast”

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detached:απομονωμένος

separate or disconnected.

“he is a detached observer of his own actions”

theme:θέμα

the subject of a talk, piece of writing, exhibition, etc.; a topic.

“the theme of the sermon was reverence”

tackle: to try to deal with something or someone

αντιμετωπίζω

There are many ways of tackling this problem.

undergo: to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change:

υποβάλλομαι

She underwent an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year.

remarkable:αξιοσημείωτος

worthy of attention; striking.

“a remarkable coincidence”

contain: περιέχω

have or hold (someone or something) within.

“the cigarettes were thought to contain toxic substances”

concentrate: συγκεντρώνομαι

focus all one’s attention on a particular object or activity.

“she couldn’t concentrate on the film”

unaccomplished:ατέλειωτος

not accomplished or carried out.

συνώνυμα:

uncompleted, incomplete

attribute to:αποδίδω

regard something as being caused by.

“he attributed the firm’s success to the efforts of the managing director”

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rising:

αυξανόμενος

going up, increasing, or sloping upward.

“the rising temperature”

popularity:

δημοτικότητα

the fact that something or someone is liked, enjoyed, or supportedby many people:

the increasing popularity of organic food

masterful:επιδέξιος

powerful and able to control others and very skillful

“he looked masculine and masterful”

achievement: κατόρθωμα

a thing done successfully with effort, skill, or courage.

“to reach this stage is a great achievement”

contribution:1. συνεισφορά

2. συμβολή

the part played by a person or thing in bringing about a result or helping something to advance.

“the major contribution of social scientists to the understanding of political life”

distinction: διάκριση, αριστείο

excellence that sets someone or something apart from others.

“a novelist of distinction”

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d. Rafael (pages: 43-44)

competent:ικανός

having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully.

“a highly competent surgeon”

a province: επαρχία

a principal administrative division of a country or empire.

“Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province”

glittering: shining with a lot of small bright flashes of light

λαμπερο

the glittering skyline of Manhattan

court: a place where trials and other legal cases happen, or the people present in such a place, especially the officials and those deciding if someone is guilty

δικαστηριο

He’s due to appear in court again on Monday.

provide with:προμηθεύω

make available for use; supply.

“these clubs provide a much appreciated service for this area”

priviledged:προνομιούχος

having special rights, advantages, or immunities.

“in the nineteenth century only a privileged few had the vote”

upbringing:ανατροφή

the treatment and instruction received by a child from its parents throughout its childhood.

“she had had a Christian upbringing”

free sb from:

to help or make life better for someone by taking something unpleasantaway from them:

He dedicated his life to freeing the world from famine and disease.

constructing:κατασκευή

build or make (something, typically a building, road, or machine).

“a company that constructs oil rigs”

fuel: καύσιμα

material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or power.

“one aircraft ran out of fuel and had to ditch”

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acknowledged:. αναγνωρίζεται

recognized as being good or important.

“he’s an acknowledged expert in the field”

height:ύψος

the measurement of someone or something from head to foot or from base to top.

“columns rising to 65 feet in height“

magnificent: μεγαλοπρεπής

extremely beautiful, elaborate, or impressive.

“a dramatic landscape of magnificent mountains”

developing: υπανάπτυκτος

growing and becoming more mature, advanced, or elaborate.

“this is a rapidly developing field”

absorbing: πολύ ενδιαφέρων

intensely interesting; engrossing.

“an absorbing account of their marriage”

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influences:επιρροές

the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behaviour of someone or something, or the effect itself.

“the influence of television violence”

task: έργο

a piece of work to be done or undertaken.

“a new manager was given the task of developing the club’s talent”

chamber:a private room, especially a bedroom.

θάλαμος

untimely:πρόωρος

(of an event or act) happening or done at an unsuitable time.

“Dave’s untimely return”

wealth:πλούτος, περιουσία

an abundance of valuable possessions or money.

“he used his considerable wealth to bribe officials”

effort: προσπάθεια

a vigorous or determined attempt.

“in an effort to reduce inflation, the government increased interest rates”

well attended:καλά παρακολούθησαν

(of an event) attended by a large number of people.

“a well-attended conference”

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attract: προσελκύω, έλκω

cause (someone) to have a liking for or interest in something.

“I was attracted to the idea of working for a ballet company”

extensively: εκτεταμένα

to a large or detailed degree.

“he has written extensively about the project”

successive:διαδοχικός, συνεχής

following one another or following others.

“they were looking for their fifth successive win”

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e. Andrea del Vorocchio (pages:46)

equestrian: ιππικός

relating to horse riding.

“his amazing equestrian skills”

statue:άγαλμα

a carved or cast figure of a person or animal, especially one that is life-size or larger.

set out on a journey: start a journey

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enthroned:1. ενθρονισμένος

install (a monarch or bishop) on a throne, especially during a ceremony to mark the beginning of their rule.

“the new archbishop was enthroned in York Minster”

set an example: θέτω ως παράδειγμα

to behave in a way that other people should copy

You should be setting a good example to your younger brother.

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